Ferroelectrics found extensive uses in industrial applications because of their unparalleled electromechanical and electrical characteristics, for example, as actuators, sensors and capacitors [1], [2 ...

Dual-frequency resonance tracking (DFRT) is a technique that utilizes contact mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure a sample’s weak electrical or mechanical responses. Conventional resonance ...

Harmonic distortion is not a problem unless it becomes a problem. Harmonics are a breakdown of a distorted waveform into its separate frequencies, which are integer multiples of the fundamental ...

Piezoelectric effect is when certain solid material is compressed under mechanical stress, and it develops a voltage potential by accumulating electrical charges. French physicists Jacques and Pierre ...

In the event of a breakdown, any number of issues may be the culprit, but there’s one in particular that’s particularly challenging to diagnose: resonance. Resonance can be a problem in any machine, ...

Switching has almost always meant “hard" switching, which is simple but comes with all kinds of electrical and thermal ...

Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is an effective method for examining ferroelectric materials due to its nanometer-level resolution and high sensitivity, inherited from atomic force microscopy ...

Piezoelectricity is a material’s capacity to transform mechanical energy (pressing) into electric energy (polarization) and vice versa. The word “piezo” derives from the Greek word piezein, which ...