Modulation is the act of translating some low-frequency or baseband signal (voice, music, and data) to a higher frequency. Why do we modulate signals? There are at least two reasons: to allow the ...

Modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) has emerged as a pivotal technique in modern atomic physics and optical metrology. By utilising the nonlinear interaction between a modulated pump beam and an ...

Spread spectrum clocking (SSC) is used in many computer interfaces such as PCI Express and Serial ATA to improve the EMI performance of the interface. It takes the form of frequency modulation (FM) of ...