The distinction between analog and digital signals is very simple, but it can still be a challenge to wrap one's mind around the concepts that define the two systems. Just when you think you've got it ...

How analog signal engineering is performed, in broad strokes. What are the component-selection considerations for new designs? What are VFAs and how are they used? Analog signal engineers specialize ...

Bad Fast Fourier Transfer (FFT) data captures can cause you to misunderstand the true performance of your analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Some engineers like to coherently sample and capture data ...

What differentiates a mixed-signal printed circuit board design from a purely analog board or a purely digital system? What differentiates a mixed-signal printed circuit board design from a purely ...

What is pulse width modulation? Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a powerful digital technique for controlling analog circuits with a microprocessor’s digital outputs. PWM is employed in a wide variety ...

A great many industrial sensors — flow, level, temperature, pressure, pH, and the list goes on — produce a 4-20 mA output, but today's factories increasingly need digital inputs via standard field ...

Back in the day where the microprocessor was our standard building block, we tended to concentrate on computation and processing of data and not so much on I/O. Simply put there were a lot of things ...

An analog or analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature (variable) of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity, i.e. , analogous to another ...

Confused by analog-to-digital converter specifications? Here's a primer to help you decipher them and make the right decisions for your project. Although manufacturers use common terms to describe ...

Many noise sources can plague high-speed radio-frequency (RF) analog signal chains, making design considerations that much more challenging. Both megahertz and sub-terahertz sampling-rate converters ...